绝对式光电编码器的编码理论研究进展

介绍了用于角度测量的绝对式光电旋转编码器的编码理论研究概况,具体包括反射式格雷码、矩阵码、m序列码和单码道格雷码的绝对位置编码方法和编码特征。绝对位置编码的发展过程是以唯一性和单变性为基础特性,以单码道性为最终目标进行编码矩阵列数的缩减。目前,编码类型的发展经历了n条码道的反射式格雷码、n/3条码道矩阵码、2条码道的m序列码以及1条码道的单码道格雷码,已经达到单码道的最终目标。由于单码道格雷码编码理论尚不完善,仍依赖搜索获得编码,因此其快速构造方法是未来绝对位置编码理论的发展方向。最后,对近几年发展起来的基于图像传感器的非编码测量方法进行了介绍和展望,该方法是对传统测量方法的颠覆,有望成为光电式旋转编码器的另一个发展方向。     

Identification of Novel Fragments Binding to the PDZ1-2 Domain of PSD-95

Inhibition of PSD-95 has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, as shown with peptide-based compounds that target the PDZ domains of PSD-95. In contrast, developing potent and drug-like small molecules against the PSD-95 PDZ domains has so far been unsuccessful. Here, we explore the druggability of the PSD-95 PDZ1-2 domain and use fragment screening to investigate if this protein is prone to binding small molecules. We screened 2500 fragments by fluorescence polarization (FP) and validated the hits by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), including an inhibition counter-test, and found four promising fragments. Three ligand efficient fragments were shown by ¹H,¹⁵N HSQC NMR to bind in the small hydrophobic P⁰ pockets of PDZ1-2, and one of them underwent structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Overall, we demonstrate that fragment screening can successfully be applied to PDZ1-2 of PSD-95 and disclose novel fragments that can serve as starting points for optimization towards small-molecule PDZ domain inhibitors.     

基于发展科学探究能力的高中化学教学实践 ——以"元素周期律"章节为例

基于学生在学习元素周期律时存在的普遍问题改进了教学实践,分析了元素周期律发展学生科学探究能力的价值,设计了四个教学环节——趣味导入,成果展示;分析规律,做出猜想;设计方案,收集证据;梳理模型,迁移应用,并提出了三点针对学生探究能力发展的教学建议.     

药物相互作用研究在新药研发和审评决策中的应用

药物相互作用改变了剂量效应关系，可能会降低疗效或增加毒性，是临床应用中合并用药治疗时重要的考虑因素。预测具有临床意义的药物相互作用是药物研发过程中获益风险评估的重要环节。本文概述了药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究的目的和意义，体内和体外研究的主要内容；梳理分析了2020年国家药品监督管理局（National Medical Products Administration, NMPA）和美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration, FDA）批准上市的新药药物相互作用研究情况，旨在为我国药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究及其监管审评提供参考。     

Chemical durability and surface alteration of lanthanide zirconates (A2Zr2O7: A = La-Yb)

Chemical durability of lanthanide zirconates (A₂Zr₂O₇) (A = La-Yb) under near-field environments is important for evaluating their application as potential nuclear waste forms. In this work, A₂Zr₂O₇ (A = La-Yb) are synthesized by spark plasma sintering with controlled microstructure and their chemical durability are evaluated in a nitric acid solution (pH = 1). Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals an amorphous passivation film either enriched with Zr or lanthanide. The complex chemistry of the passivation films can be correlated with a transition in corrosion mechanisms from a preferential release of lanthanide in La₂Zr₂O₇ to a preferential release of Zr in Er₂Zr₂O₇ and Yb₂Zr₂O₇. These results suggest a dominant mechanism of incongruent dissolution and surface reorganization for the formation of passivation films. Strong correlations are identified between the leaching rates and cation ionic size, ionic potential, electronegativity differences between A-site cation and Zr, and bonding valence sum of oxygen, suggesting important impacts of structural and bonding characteristics in controlling chemical durability of lanthanide zirconates.     

基于多维异构特征与反馈感知调度的SDN内生安全控制平面

为弥补现有研究在软件定义网络(Software-Defined Networking,SDN)控制平面未知漏洞防御方面的空白,本文提出了一种基于多维异构特征与反馈感知调度的内生安全控制平面的设计方案.该方案以"冗余、异构和动态"为切入点,通过组合执行体冗余集构建策略、多维异构元素着色策略和动态反馈感知调度策略,有效增加SDN控制平面对攻击者所呈现的执行体时空不确定性(逆转攻防不对称性).相关仿真结果表明该方案可以收敛全局执行体数目、增加执行体之间的多维异构度并降低系统全局失效率.     

基于MATLAB灰色Elman网络中长期电力负荷预测

良好的负荷预测模型能够精准且快速地计算预测值,有利于合理地规划分配电能,提升电网运行稳定性.基于MATLAB搭建灰色Elman网络电力负荷预测模型,参考安徽省淮南市"十三五"能源规划[1],以对淮南市进行中长期电力负荷预测为例,同时设置基于MATLAB搭建的Elman网络和灰色理论中的GM(1,1)模型为对照组进行对比仿真实验.提出灰色Elman网络相比对照组具有更高的运算精度,灰色Elman网络对比Elman网络有更好的训练效果.     

PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.     

不同盐沼湿地类型脱氮除磷效能及影响因素分析

采用沉水植物表面流湿地(沉水组)、挺水植物表面流湿地(挺水组)和浮床湿地(浮床组)3种盐沼湿地对长江口近岸低污染水体进行脱氮除磷效能的研究。结果表明,HRT为3 d时,水组、挺水组、浮床组对NO3^--N的去除率在高温时段分别为79.9%±13.2%、71.8%±15.2%、77.2%±13.2%,中温时段分别为39.4%±13.7%、31.5%±8.5%、18.4%±16.6%,低温时段分别为15.6%±14.6%、19.7%±8.6%、2.%5±8.6%。沉水组和挺水组对TP的去除率受温度影响较小,分别为66.4%±32.4%、55.5%±29.4%;而浮床组除磷效果受温度影响较大。当HRT缩短为1.5 d时,3组湿地系统在高温时段仍可达到相近的脱氮除磷效果,在中低温时段脱氮除磷效果都有不同程度的下降。